/* ============================================================
   Alexis (Li) Lu — personal academic site
   Editorial / print-inspired: warm paper, serif display type,
   asymmetric left-aligned grids, hairline rules.
   ============================================================ */

:root {
  --paper:      #FBF8F3;
  --paper-2:    #F2EDE4;
  --ink:        #14130F;
  --ink-2:      #45413A;
  --muted:      #857E71;
  --rule:       #E3DCCF;
  --rule-soft:  #EDE7DC;
  --accent:     #2F5D53;
  --accent-hi:  #3C7568;

  --font-display: "Newsreader", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-ui: "Inter", ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI",
             Roboto, "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", sans-serif;

  --shell: 1080px;   /* content shell */
  --measure: 68ch;   /* prose measure */
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-weight: 400;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-hi); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

.shell { max-width: var(--shell); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 32px; }

/* ---------- Small caps label ---------- */
.label {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .705rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ---------- Masthead ---------- */
.masthead {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 40;
  background: rgba(251,248,243,.94);
  backdrop-filter: saturate(160%) blur(10px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.masthead__inner {
  max-width: var(--shell);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 18px 32px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.52rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.wordmark:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }

.nav { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 26px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.nav a {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid transparent;
}
.nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; border-bottom-color: var(--rule); }
.nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.nav__sep { width: 1px; height: 14px; background: var(--rule); align-self: center; }
.nav__icons { display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: center; }
.nav__icons a { border: 0; padding: 0; color: var(--ink-2); display: inline-flex; }
.nav__icons a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.nav__icons svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; fill: currentColor; }

/* ---------- Home: masthead-style opening ---------- */
.opening__grid--band { margin: 0; }
.opening__grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.25fr .75fr;
  gap: 72px;
  align-items: start;
}
.opening .label { margin: 0 0 18px; }
.display {
  margin: 0 0 26px;
  font-size: clamp(2.9rem, 6.2vw, 4.3rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.02;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
}
.display em { font-style: italic; }
.lede {
  margin: 0 0 30px;
  max-width: 34em;
  font-size: 1.16rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.lede--tight { font-size: 1.08rem; }

.actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }
.opening__grid .actions { margin-top: 22px; }   /* breathing room under the bio */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  padding: 11px 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.btn svg { width: 15px; height: 15px; fill: currentColor; }
.btn--ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); border-color: var(--rule); }
.btn--ghost:hover { background: transparent; color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }

/* portrait: clean circle, nothing behind it */
.portrait {
  position: relative;
  margin: 26px auto 0;
  max-width: 340px;
}
.portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 25%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  filter: saturate(.94);
}
.portrait figcaption {
  margin-top: 18px;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .82rem;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.portrait__fallback {
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  font-size: 3.6rem; color: var(--muted); letter-spacing: .06em;
}

/* ---------- Dossier rows (label / value) ---------- */
.dossier { padding: 0 0 8px; }
.row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
  padding: 22px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.row:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.row__value { max-width: var(--measure); }
.row__value p { margin: 0; }
.inline-list {
  list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0;
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 22px;
}
.contact { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.contact li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 108px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 7px 0;
}
.contact li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.contact__k {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .76rem;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding-top: .3em;
}

.stack { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.stack li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 108px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 7px 0;
}
.stack li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.stack__year {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .76rem;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding-top: .32em;
}
.stack b { font-weight: 600; }
.stack span.sub { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: .94rem; }

/* ---------- Interior page head ---------- */
.page-head {
  padding: 74px 0 54px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.page-head .display { margin-bottom: 30px; }
.page-head .lede + .lede { margin-top: -12px; }

/* ---------- Full-bleed photo bands ---------- */
.band {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(140deg, #1e1a16 0%, #14171a 60%, #101d1b 100%);
  color: #F7F3EC;
}
.band__media {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center 42%;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
.band__media--hero {
  background-image: url("teaching-hero.jpg?v=2");
  background-position: center 38%;
}
.band__media--home {
  background-image: url("home-hero.jpg?v=2");
  background-position: center 56%;
  /* the file itself is pre-blurred (Gaussian r=10); home-hero-original.jpg is the sharp copy */
}
.band__media--ivey {
  background-image: url("Ivey.png?v=1");
  background-position: center 58%;
}
/* the map fills the band edge to edge; anchored bottom so the Google line survives */
.band__media--map {
  background-image: url("China.png?v=1");
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center bottom;
  filter: saturate(.82) contrast(1.04);
}
.band__media--exam {
  background-image: url("teaching-exam.jpg?v=2");
  background-position: center 46%;
  filter: blur(4px) saturate(.95);   /* blurred here so the source file stays untouched */
  transform: scale(1.04);            /* hides the soft edge the blur leaves behind */
}
.band::after {                        /* readability wash, warm rather than flat black */
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(16,14,11,.70) 0%, rgba(16,14,11,.52) 40%, rgba(16,14,11,.80) 100%);
}
.band__inner {
  max-width: var(--shell);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 116px 32px 104px;
}
.band .label { color: rgba(247,243,236,.7); }
.band .btn {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-color: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
}
.band .btn:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.band .btn--ghost {
  background: transparent;
  color: #F7F3EC;
  border-color: rgba(247,243,236,.42);
}
.band .btn--ghost:hover { background: rgba(247,243,236,.12); color: #fff; border-color: #F7F3EC; }
.band .portrait img { box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(247,243,236,.22), 0 26px 64px rgba(0,0,0,.42); }
.band .portrait figcaption { color: rgba(247,243,236,.72); }
.band .portrait__fallback { background: rgba(247,243,236,.12); color: rgba(247,243,236,.8); }
.band .display { color: #F7F3EC; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.band .lede { color: rgba(247,243,236,.92); margin-bottom: 0; }

/* the opening spread sits on a busy whiteboard, so weight the wash to the left */
.band--opening::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(95deg, rgba(14,13,11,.84) 0%, rgba(14,13,11,.74) 42%, rgba(14,13,11,.48) 72%, rgba(14,13,11,.40) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(14,13,11,.30) 0%, rgba(14,13,11,.06) 40%, rgba(14,13,11,.42) 100%);
}

.band--map::after {
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(13,15,17,.90) 0%, rgba(13,15,17,.82) 30%, rgba(13,15,17,.54) 62%, rgba(13,15,17,.38) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(13,15,17,.24) 0%, rgba(13,15,17,0) 32%, rgba(13,15,17,.30) 100%);
}
.band--map { background: #bcd9d2; }

/* short interstitial band, caption only: lighter wash, the photo is the point */
.band--plate::after {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(16,14,11,.30) 0%, rgba(16,14,11,.22) 55%, rgba(16,14,11,.62) 100%);
}
.band--plate { min-height: 44vh; display: flex; align-items: flex-end; }
.band--plate .band__inner { width: 100%; padding: 40px 32px 34px; }
.band__caption { display: block; text-align: right; }

/* ---------- Paper title pages ---------- */
.byline {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  max-width: 34em;
}
.byline__sep { color: var(--muted); margin: 0 .5em; }
.byline__aff { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }
.tags {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  max-width: 720px;
}
.tags li {
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .78rem;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  background: #fff;
}

.paper-abstract {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: var(--measure);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.page-head .status { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Two-column content blocks ---------- */
.block {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr;
  gap: 40px;
  padding: 56px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.block:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }
.block__head { position: sticky; top: 96px; align-self: start; }
.block__head h2 {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  font-size: 1.42rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
.block__head::before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 26px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.block__body { max-width: 720px; }

/* ---------- Research entries ---------- */
.entry { padding-bottom: 34px; }
.entry + .entry { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); padding-top: 34px; }
.entry__title {
  margin: 6px 0 4px;
  font-size: 1.24rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: -.012em;
}
.entry__title a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.entry__title a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.entry__meta { margin: 0 0 14px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; }
.draft {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 4px;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .705rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.draft:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
svg.ext { width: 9px; height: 9px; fill: currentColor; }
.label .status { color: var(--accent); }
.entry__abstract {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: var(--measure);
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.entry ul { margin: 10px 0 0; padding-left: 18px; max-width: var(--measure); color: var(--ink-2); }
.entry li { margin-bottom: 7px; font-size: 1rem; }
.entry li::marker { color: var(--muted); }

/* ---------- Course index (syllabus-style rows) ---------- */
.index { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.index li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 118px 1fr;
  gap: 22px;
  padding: 11px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  align-items: baseline;
}
.index li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.index .code {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.index .name { color: var(--ink-2); font-size: 1.02rem; }

.index--wide li { grid-template-columns: 158px 1fr; }

.group + .group { margin-top: 44px; }
.group__title { margin: 0 0 3px; font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600; }
.group__meta { margin: 0 0 14px; }

.note {
  margin: 26px 0 0;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  max-width: var(--measure);
  font-size: .93rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-style: italic;
}

/* media mentions */
.media { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; max-width: 720px; }
.media li { padding: 16px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.media li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.media a {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.06rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.media a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.media a svg.ext { width: 10px; height: 10px; margin-left: 3px; color: var(--accent); }
.media .label { margin: 5px 0 0; }

/* honours */
.plain { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; max-width: var(--measure); }
.plain li { padding: 11px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); color: var(--ink-2); }
.plain li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.plain b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  margin-top: 40px;
}
.footer__inner {
  max-width: var(--shell);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 28px 32px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
}
.footer .label { color: var(--muted); }
.footer nav { display: flex; gap: 22px; }
.footer nav a { font-family: var(--font-ui); font-size: .78rem; color: var(--ink-2); letter-spacing: .04em; }
.footer nav a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .opening__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 44px; }
  .portrait { max-width: 300px; margin-top: 0; }
  .row, .block { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .block__head { position: static; }
  .block { padding: 44px 0; }
  .band__inner { padding: 88px 24px 78px; }

}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
  body { font-size: 17px; }
  .shell, .masthead__inner, .footer__inner { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
  .masthead__inner { padding-top: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px; gap: 10px; }
  .wordmark { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .nav { gap: 18px; width: 100%; }
  .nav__sep { display: none; }
  .nav__icons { margin-left: auto; }
  .stack li, .index li, .contact li { grid-template-columns: 92px 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .index--wide li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .page-head { padding: 48px 0 38px; }
  .band__inner { padding: 76px 20px 68px; }
  .band--plate { min-height: 34vh; }
  .band--plate .band__inner { padding: 28px 20px 24px; }
}